By Sharon Atieno
African health ministers have endorsed a new strategy to boost access to the diagnosis, treatment and care of severe noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).
The strategy known as PEN-PLUS, A Regional Strategy to Address Severe Noncommunicable Diseases at First-Level Referral Health Facilities was adopted during the 72nd session of the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Committee for Africa in Lomé, Togo.
The strategy supports building the capacity of district hospitals and other first-level referral facilities to diagnose and manage severe NCDs early, resulting in fewer deaths.
Severe NCDs, according to WHO, are those chronic conditions that that lead to high levels of disability and death among children, adolescents and young adults if left undiagnosed or untreated. In the worst cases patients live no longer than a year after diagnosis.
NCDs kill 41 million people each year, equivalent to 71% of all deaths globally. In Africa, the most prevalent severe NCDs include sickle cell disease, type 1 and insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, severe hypertension and moderate to severe and persistent asthma.
“Africa is grappling with an increasingly hefty burden of chronic diseases whose severe forms are costing precious lives that could be saved with early diagnosis and care,” said Dr Matshidiso Moeti, WHO Regional Director for Africa.
“The strategy adopted today is pivotal in placing effective care within the reach of patients and marks a major step in improving the health and wellbeing of millions of people in the region.”
In most parts of Africa, severe NCDs are treated at tertiary health facilities, which are mostly in large cities thus putting care beyond the reach of most rural, peri-urban and lower-income patients, who can often only easily access district hospitals and local health centres. These often lack the capacity and resources to effectively manage severe NCDs.
In regards to this, the strategy urges countries to institute standardized programmes to tackle chronic and severe NCDs by ensuring that essential medicines, technologies and diagnostics are available and accessible at district hospitals.
Only 36% of countries in the African region reported having essential medicines for NCDs in public hospitals, according to a 2019 WHO survey. The strategy urges governments to ensure that people seeking care in private hospitals can access services for severe NCDs.
Additionally, countries are called upon to bolster the protocols for prevention, care and treatment of these chronic diseases through training and strengthening the skills and knowledge of health workers.
With NCDs accounting for most of the out-of-pocket spending of patients in the continent and due to their chronic nature often lead to catastrophic health expenditures, offering NCDs care as a package of services available at primary and district health facilities, patients will find their expenses decrease as they spend less money on transportation, lodging in cities and less time in commuting to the health facilities.
The PEN-PLUS strategy builds on existing WHO initiatives for integrated detection, diagnosis, treatment, and care of NCDs in primary health care facilities. It has shown promising results in Liberia, Malawi, and Rwanda, with a significant increase in the number of patients accessing treatment for these diseases and, a concomitant improvement in outcomes for these patients.