By Gift Briton
Every year on March 24, the world commemorates Tuberculosis (TB) Day to raise awareness about this infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is one of the oldest illnesses. Yet, it remains the leading infectious killer worldwide accounting for more than 1.2 million deaths annually.
This year’s World TB Day celebration placed a strong emphasis on prevention. While no approved vaccine exists to prevent the disease, health experts emphasize that people should take precautions to reduce the risk of infection and avoid suffering.
TB primarily spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, speaks, laughs, sings, or sneezes, releasing TB bacteria that others can inhale.
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the most common symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, and fever. However, TB can remain dormant in some individuals, meaning they may carry the bacteria without showing symptoms.
During Kenya’s commemoration of World TB Day in Nairobi, experts highlighted screening as the most effective way to prevent TB. Regular check-ups, particularly for those in high-risk environments such as overcrowded slums and prisons, were highly recommended. WHO recommends getting screened at least twice a year. This can help with early diagnosis and treatment.
Dr. Rose Oronje- Director of Public Policy and Knowledge Translation at the African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP), underscored the importance of early detection and treatment.
“Prevention should be prioritized. At an individual level, we have a role to change our lifestyles and be advocates among our loved ones and networks for better preventive measures for TB. The sooner a person is screened to determine whether they have TB or not, the better to save their life,” she noted.
Lifestyle choices play a big role in TB prevention. Smoking, for instance, damages the lungs, making it easier for TB bacteria to take hold. Poor nutrition also compromises the body’s ability to fight diseases. Experts urge people to quit smoking and prioritize proper nutrition to stay protected.
Beyond lifestyle changes, hygiene and sanitation can help lower the risk of infection.
Good ventilation is one of the most important measures. TB bacteria spread easily in confined spaces. Keeping windows open at home, at work, and even in public transport can help circulate fresh air and reduce exposure. Also, avoiding prolonged exposure to crowded environments whenever possible is crucial. Crowded places can be breeding grounds for TB.
“People living in marginalized communities often face financial challenges, lack of information, and fear of stigma, which prevent them from seeking diagnosis and treatment. The end TB subsector must promote awareness to ensure that people understand the importance of early diagnosis,” said Mary Muriuki, the Principal Secretary of Kenya’s State Department for Public Health and Professional Standards in a speech read on her behalf .
“Beyond that, the housing and urban development sectors play a crucial role in improving living conditions, reducing overcrowding, and preventing the spread of infection. Workplaces must also prioritize occupational health and safety, especially in industries prone to TB transmission.”
Certain health conditions, such as diabetes, can also make individuals more vulnerable to TB. Managing such conditions through proper medication and lifestyle changes can help lower the risk. Prevention efforts should also focus on tackling underlying social determinants which contribute to the spread of TB.
Dr. Abdourahmane Diallo, WHO Representative for Kenya, echoed the urgency of action in addressing TB.
“WHO calls for renewed hope, urgent action, and accountability at all levels in the fight to end TB by 2030. We urge all stakeholders in Kenya to make concerted efforts to address the social determinants of TB and guarantee sustainable and equitable TB care for all,” he said.
